A cross-sectional study of cryptorchidism in children: testicular volume and hormonal function at 18 years of age.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between unilateral or bilateral criptorchidism, patient age, primary location of the gonad and modality of treatment with testicular volume and hormonal status at 18 years in patients diagnosed and treated for cryptorchidism during childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Testicular volume, LH, FSH, and testosterone were evaluated in 143 young men at 18 years treated in childhood for unilateral (n=103) or bilateral (n=40) cryptorchidism. RESULTS: Unilateral cryptorchidism: Location of testis was prescrotal in 36 patients, inguinal in 52 and non-palpable in 15. The mean volume was 9.7 mL compared to 16.2 L. for the spontaneously descended testicle in unilateral cryptorchidism. However, 22 patients who received HCG had a significantly bigger testis (11.8 mL.) than those treated with primary surgery (9.2 mL). The results showed a significant positive correlation between testicular volume and patient age at treatment. Bilateral cryptorchidism: Location of testis was prescrotal in 34 cases, inguinal in 40 and 6 patients with non-palpable testicles. Mean volume at 18 years was 12.9 mL, greater than unilateral cryptorchid testis (9.7 mL) but smaller than healthy contralateral in unilateral cases (16.2 mL). There were significant differences in the testicular growth for bilateral patients with testicular descent after being treated with HCG (14.4 mL) in respect with those untreated (11.1 mL) or those who underwent primary surgery (11.4 mL). There was a significant positive correlation between the testicular volume and palpable (12.4 mL) or non-palpable testis (10.4 mL). There was a correlation between unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism and levels of FSH. CONCLUSIONS: Testicular volume and hormonal function at 18 years for patients diagnosed and treated for cryptorchidism during childhood are strongly influenced by whether the undescended testis was unilateral or bilateral. Location of the testes at diagnosis or age of initial treatment exerts no definite effect on testicular volume improvement r hormonal levels at 18 years of age.

A cross-sectional study of cryptorchidism in children: testicular volume and hormonal function at 18 years of age

Purpose To evaluate the relationship between unilateral or bilateral criptorchidism, patient age, primary location of the gonad and modality of treatment with testicular volume and hormonal status at 18 years in patients diagnosed and treated for cryptorchidism during childhood. Materials and Methods Testicular volume, LH, FSH, and testosterone were evaluated in 143 young men at 18 years treated in childhood for unilateral (n=103) or bilateral (n=40) cryptorchidism. Results Unilateral cryptorchidism: Location of testis was prescrotal in 36 patients, inguinal in 52 and non-palpable in 15. The mean volume was 9.7 mL compared to 16.2 mL. for the spontaneously descended testicle in unilateral cryptorchidism. However, 22 patients who received HCG had a significantly bigger testis (11.8 mL.) than those treated with primary surgery (9.2 mL). The results showed a significant positive correlation between testicular volume and patient age at treatment. Bilateral cryptorchidism Location of testis was prescrotal in 34 cases, inguinal in 40 and 6 patients with non-palpable testicles. Mean volume at 18 years was 12.9 mL, greater than unilateral cryptorchid testis (9.7 mL) but smaller than healthy contralateral in unilateral cases (16.2 mL). There were significant differences in the testicular growth for bilateral patients with testicular descent after being treated with HCG (14.4 mL) in respect with those untreated (11.1 mL) or those who underwent primary surgery (11.4 mL). There was a significant positive correlation between the testicular volume and palpable (12.4 mL) or non-palpable testis (10.4 mL). There was a correlation between unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism and levels of FSH. Conclusions Testicular volume and hormonal function at 18 years for patients diagnosed and treated for cryptorchidism during childhood are strongly influenced by whether the undescended testis was unilateral or bilateral. Location of the testes at diagnosis or ...

Tratamiento quirúrgico de los quistes ováricos perinatales / Surgical treatment of perinatal ovarian cysts

Introducción. Los quistes ováricos perinatales se diagnostican cada vez con mayor frecuencia debido al uso rutinario de la ecografía prenatal y neonatal. Objetivo. Presentar nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de quistes ováricos perinatales. Material y método. Revisión de las historias clínicas de 10 neonatos con diagnóstico de quiste ovárico sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico en los últimos 20 años. Resultados. Los quistes ováricos se detectaron antenatalmente en8 casos y en edad neonatal en 2. La presentación clínica fue una masa abdominal palpable asintomática en 7 casos, y en 3 la exploración fue normal. El origen ovárico de la masa abdominal se determinó mediante ecografía en 8 pacientes y en 2 se realizó adicionalmente 1 TAC y1 RMN abdominal. La ecografía diferenció 7 quistes complejos y 3 simples. Intraoperatoriamente se evidenciaron 6 quistes complicados, delos cuales 5 fueron torsionados y 1 hemorrágico. El tratamiento quirúrgico consistió en 5 salpingooforectomías, 2 ooforectomías y 3 quistectomías. Conclusiones. La torsión ovárica constituye la complicación más (..) (AU)

Introduction. Actually, the perinatal ovarian cysts are increasingly being diagnosed by prenatal and neonatal ultrasound. Objective. We reported our experience in the surgical management of perinatal ovarian cysts. Patients and methods. We have reviewed the clinical charts of 10female newborns diagnosed of ovarian cysts who underwent surgical management in our hospital from 1989 to 2009. Results. The ovarian cysts were diagnosed antenatally in 8 cases and period neonatal in 2 cases. The clinical presentation was asymptomatic abdominal mass in (..) (AU)

Hernia de Amyand infantil presentándose como escroto agudo / Infantile amyand's hernia presenting as acute scrotum

La hernia de Amyand es una patología de presentación excepcional en los niños y se define por la presencia del apéndice inflamado dentro de una hernia inguinal. Puede manifestarse clínicamente como escroto agudo, linfadenitis inguinal o hernia estrangulada. El tratamiento esquirúrgico y aunque se describen diversos abordajes, la apendicectomíay herniotomía vía inguinal se considera de elección (AU)

Amyand´s hernia is a condition of exceptional presentation in children and is defined by the presence of inflamed appendix inside a inguinalhernia. It may manifest clinically as acute scrotum, inguinal lymphadenitis or strangulated hernia. The treatment is surgical and although several approaches are described, appendectomy with herniotomy byinguinal approach is considered of choice (AU

Reactive hydrocele after laparoscopic Palomo varicocele ligation in pediatrics.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of hydrocele following laparoscopic Palomo varicocele ligation in pediatric and adolescents in our institution. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2009, 180 boys diagnosed as having varicocele who underwent Palomo laparoscopic ligation were evaluated retrospectively. Outcome variables recorded for analysis were age at presentation, symptoms, varicocele grade (Dubin-Amelar classification), testicular atrophy, length of hospital stay, perioperative complications, recurrence and hydrocele formation after surgery. Mean follow up was 5.8 years (6 months- 9 years). RESULTS: Age at diagnosis ranged between 9 and 19 years. Mean age at operation was 14.1 ± 1.8 years. There were 177 left-side varicoceles (98%) and four cases were bilateral. Testicular atrophy was noted in 45. Mean operative time was 38 min. The last 63 surgeries were performed on a two-trocar basis with Ligasure vascular sealing device and operative time decreased significantly to 22 min. Median hospital stay was 31h. Twenty-three patients developed hydrocele (13%); 11 of these underwent Winkelman-Lord's hydrocelectomy at least 1 year after Palomo (9% of total). Of the remaining 12, two resolved spontaneously and 10 were stable at mean 4-year follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic Palomo procedure is a safe successful method to correct varicoceles in pediatric and adolescent males. Reactive hydrocele formation following laparoscopic varicocelectomy is a worrisome problem particularly in cases with longer follow-up.

Hidrocele relativo tras Palomo laparóscopico en el varicocele pediátrico / Reactive hydrocele after laparoscopic Palomo varicocele ligation in pediatrics

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la incidencia de hidrocele reactivo tras la técnica de Palomo laparoscópico en pacientes menores de 19 años en nuestro centro.MÉTODOS: Entre los años 1997 y 2009, 180 varones menores de 19 años diagnosticados de varicocele fueron incluidos en el estudio. Las variables registradas fueron edad, sintomatología, grado de Varicocele según la clasificación de Dubin-Amelar, tamaño testicular, estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones, recurrencia y formación de hidrocele tras la intervención .El seguimiento medio fue de 5 años (6 meses a 9 años).RESULTADOS: La edad al diagnóstico fue de 9 a 19 años. 177 fueron varicoceles izquierdos (98%) y 4 casos fueron bilaterales. Todos tenían varicocele grados II o III y atrofia testicular un 45%; El 8.1% referían dolor testicular. Todos los pacientes se operaron mediante un procedimiento de Palomo laparoscópico. El tiempo medio de duración de la intervención fue de 38 minutos. Las últimas 63 cirugías se realizaron solo con 2 trocares y Ligasure para sellar los vasos, logrando disminuir el tiempo quirúrgico a 22 minutos. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 31 h. 23 pacientes desarrollaron hidrocele reactivo (13%); 11 de los cuales precisaron una hidrocelectomía (procedimiento de Winkelman-Lord) como mínimo un año después de la primera intervención laparoscópica. De los restantes, en 2 casos se resolvió espontáneamente y 10 casos permanecen estables con un hidrocele leve tras 4 años de seguimiento.CONCLUSIONES: Según nuestro estudio, la corrección laparoscópica del varicocele es una técnica segura, eficaz e idónea para su empleo en pacientes pediátricos y adolescentes. La complicación más indeseable y frecuente es el hidrocele reactivo, que a veces puede aparecer mas de un año después de la intervención. Debido a este hecho, la incidencia de hidrocele descrita en los estudios puede ser inferior a la real(AU)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of hydrocele following laparoscopic Palomo varicocele ligation in pediatric and adolescents in our institution.METHODS: Between 1997 and 2009, 180 boys diagnosed as having varicocele who underwent Palo-mo laparoscopic ligation were evaluated retrospectively. Outcome variables recorded for analysis were age at presentation, symptoms, varicocele grade (Dubin-Amelar classification), testicular atrophy, length of hospital stay, perioperative complications, recurrence and hydrocele formation after surgery. Mean follow up was 5.8 years (6 months- 9 years).RESULTS: Age at diagnosis ranged between 9 and 19 years. Mean age at operation was 14.1 ± 1.8 years. There were 177 left-side varicoceles (98%) and four ca-ses were bilateral. Testicular atrophy was noted in 45. Mean operative time was 38 min. The last 63 surge-ries were performed on a two-trocar basis with Ligasure vascular sealing device and operative time decreased significantly to 22 min. Median hospital stay was 31h. Twenty-three patients developed hydrocele (13%); 11 of these underwent Winkelman-Lord’s hydrocelectomy at least 1 year after Palomo (9% of total). Of the remaining 12, two resolved spontaneously and 10 were stable at mean 4-year follow up.CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic Palomo procedure is a safe successful method to correct varicoceles in pedia-tric and adolescent males. Reactive hydrocele formation following laparoscopic varicocelectomy is a worrisome problem particularly in cases with longer follow-up(AU)

[Surgical treatment of perinatal ovarian cysts]. / Tratamiento quirürgico de los quistes ováricos perinatales.

INTRODUCTION: Actually, the perinatal ovarian cysts are increasingly being diagnosed by prenatal and neonatal ultrasound. OBJECTIVE: We reported our experience in the surgical management of perinatal ovarian cysts. Patients and methods. We have reviewed the clinical charts of 10 female newborns diagnosed of ovarian cysts who underwent surgical management in our hospital from 1989 to 2009. RESULTS: The ovarian cysts were diagnosed antenatally in 8 cases and period neonatal in 2 cases. The clinical presentation was asymptomatic abdominal mass in 7 cases. Ultrasound confirmed the ovarian mass in 8 patients. CT scan and MRI were necessary for confirm suspected diagnosis in two patients. Ultrasonography showed 7 complex cysts and 3 simple cysts. Surgery of the complicated cysts revealed ovarian torsion in 5 cases and 1 hemorragic cyst. At surgery, 5 patients underwent salpingooophorectomy, 2 patients needed oophorectomy and in 3 cases only cystectomy were necessary. CONCLUSION: The ovarian torsion is the most common complication and the cause of loss of the ovary. The neonatal ovarian cysts greater than 5 centimetres, symptomatic cysts, complex cysts and cysts persisting for more than 6 months need surgical intervention.

[Infantile Amyand's hernia presenting as acute scrotum]. / Hernia de amyand infantil presentándose como escroto agudo.

Amyand's hernia is a condition of exceptional presentation in children and is defined by the presence of inflamed appendix inside a inguinal hernia. It may manifest clinically as acute scrotum, inguinal lymphadenitis or strangulated hernia. The treatment is surgical and although several approaches are described, appendectomy with herniotomy by inguinal approach is considered of choice.

Colecistectomía en niños: nuestra experiencia con 37 casos / Cholecystectomy in children: our experience with 37 cases

Introducción. Las indicaciones de colecistectomía en niños han experimentado un cambio gradual y el número de colecistectomías ha incrementado, considerando a la colecistectomía laparoscópica de elección. Objetivo. Determinar las indicaciones, tipo de colecistectomía, tiempo operatorio, estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones, procedimientos concomitantes y hallazgos anatomopatológicos. Material y método. Estudio descriptivo. Revisión de 37 historiasclínicas de pacientes colecistectomizados. Resultados. Evaluamos 37 pacientes (16 niños y 21 niñas) con edad media 9 años. Las indicaciones fueron: litiasis biliar 33, colecistitis aguda 2, tumor de vesícula 1 y vesícula tabicada 1. El 68% fueron colecistectomías laparoscópicas (tiempo operatorio: 84 minutos y estancia hospitalaria: 8 días) y el 32% abiertas( tiempo operatorio: 103 minutos y estancia hospitalaria: 14 días). Como complicación laparoscópica hubo una apertura accidental del conducto hepático común. Procedimientos concomitantes fueron: 9 colangiografías intraoperatorias, 5 biopsiashepáticas, 3 esplenectomías, 2 apendicectomías, entre otros. La anatomía patológica mostró: colecistitis litiásica crónica 30, vesícula normal3, colecistitis crónica 1, adenocarcinoma de vesícula 1, cambios inflamatorios crónicos 2. Conclusiones. La principal indicación de colecistectomía fue lalitiasis biliar. La mayoría fueron colecistectomías laparoscópicas con tiempo operatorio y estancia hospitalaria más cortos. La colangiografía intraoperatoria, biopsia hepática y esplenectomía fueron los procedimientos concomitantes más frecuentes. El hallazgo anatomopatológico principal fue la colecistitis litiásica crónica (AU)

Introduction. The indications of cholecystectomy in children had undergone a gradual change and the number of cholecystectomies had increased, considering to the laparoscopic cholecystectomy of election. Objective. To determine the indications, type of cholecystectomy, operative time, hospital stay, associate complications, concomitant procedures and pathologic findings. Material and method. Descriptive study. Revision of 37 clinicalhistories of cholecystectomics patients. Results. We evaluate 37 patients (16 boys and 21 girls) with age average 9 years. The indications were: cholelithiasis 33, acute cholecystitis 2, gallbladder tumor 1 and septate gallbladder 1. 68% were laparoscopic cholecystectomies (operative time: 84 minutes and hospital stay:8 days) and 32% open cholecystectomies (operative time: 103 minutes and hospital stay: 14 days). Laparoscopic complication was one unexpectec opening of common hepatic duct. Concomitant procedures were:9 intraoperative cholangiography, 5 hepatic biopsies, 3 splenectomies,2 appendectomies. The pathologic anatomy showed: chronic lithiasiccholecystitis 30, normal gallbladder 3, chronic cholecystitis 1, gallbladder adenocarcinoma 1, chronic inflammatory changes 2. Conclusions. The main indication of cholecystectomy was thecholelithiasis. The majority were laparoscopic cholecystectomies with shorter operative time and shorter hospital stay. The intraoperative cholangiography, hepatic biopsy and splenectomy were the more frequent concomitant procedures. Main pathologic finding was the chronic lithiasic cholecystitis (AU)

Laparoscopic Palomo varicocele surgery: lessons learned after 10 years' follow up of 156 consecutive pediatric patients.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate our experience using laparoscopic Palomo varicocele ligation in a population under 18years, and confirm the factors involved in postoperative hydrocele formation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 2007, 156 boys diagnosed as having varicocele were evaluated retrospectively. Outcome variables recorded for analysis were age at presentation, symptoms, varicocele grade (Dubin-Amelar classification), testicular atrophy, length of hospital stay, perioperative complications, recurrence and hydrocele formation after surgery. Mean follow up was 5.6 years (6 months- 9 years). RESULTS: Age at diagnosis ranged between 9 and 18 years. Mean age at operation was 14.1+/-1.8 years. There were 153 left-side varicoceles (98%) and three cases were bilateral. All patients had grade II or III varicocele (38%/62%) and testicular atrophy was noted in 43.8%; 8.1% mentioned testicular pain at diagnosis. All boys underwent Palomo laparoscopic ligation of the spermatic vessels. Mean operative time was 38 min (25-82 min). The last 51 surgeries were performed on a two-trocar basis with Ligasure vascular sealing device and operative time decreased significantly to 22 min (16-32 min) (P<0.05). Median hospital stay was 31+/-8 h. Conversion rate was 1.28%. Twenty-one patients developed hydrocele (13.5%); 11 of these underwent Winkelman-Lord's hydrocelectomy at least 1 year after Palomo (9% of total). Of the remaining 10, two resolved spontaneously and eight were stable at mean 4-year follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic Palomo varicocele surgery for pediatric patients is a safe and effective procedure. Recurrence and complication rates are similar to those reported with open surgery.

Relevance of herniography for accurate diagnosis of patent processus vaginalis in cryptorchidism.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of peritoneography in assessing the patency of processus vaginalis (PV) in pediatric patients diagnosed with cryptorchidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the patency of PV in boys presenting cryptorchidism. Herniography was performed in 310 prepubertal boys. Data about the morphology of PV was compared with operative findings in those surgically treated patients. Retractile and ectopic testes were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Of the 376 undescended testes (310 patients), 281 cases were associated with an obliterated PV. Herniography revealed 95 cases of open PV in cryptorchid boys. The 244 normally descended testes had associated patent processus vaginalis in only 31 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Herniography is the most relevant procedure for accurate diagnosis of persistent PV. The persistence of PV was significantly more frequent when the position of the testes is more cranial. The incidence of an open PV decreases with age.

Relevance of herniography for accurate diagnosis of patent processus vaginalis in cryptorchidism

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of peritoneography in assessing the patency of processus vaginalis (PV) in pediatric patients diagnosed with cryptorchidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the patency of PV in boys presenting cryptorchidism. Herniography was performed in 310 prepubertal boys. Data about the morphology of PV was compared with operative findings in those surgically treated patients. Retractile and ectopic testes were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Of the 376 undescended testes (310 patients), 281 cases were associated with an obliterated PV. Herniography revealed 95 cases of open PV in cryptorchid boys. The 244 normally descended testes had associated patent processus vaginalis in only 31 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Herniography is the most relevant procedure for accurate diagnosis of persistent PV. The persistence of PV was significantly more frequent when the position of the testes is more cranial. The incidence of an open PV decreases with age.

Giant omental lipoblastoma in a 10-month-old infant composing 20% of total body weight.

Lipoblastoma of the greater omentum is an extremely rare benign tumor with less than 10 cases reported in the available literature. We report an unusual case of a 10-month-old girl with a giant omental lipoblastoma that composed 20% of her total body weight (1480 g, 17 x 12 x 16 cm). Complete excision of the tumor was performed. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of omental lipoblastoma.

Endoscopia digestiva intervencionista en Pediatría / Digestive interventional endoscopy in pediatrics

La endoscopia pediátrica se ha trasformado lenta y progresivamente de una técnica puramente diagnóstica en una técnica terapéutica de primer orden. Todo ello gracias a la evolución tecnoló- gica y a la miniaturización del equipamiento. Estos procedimientos invasivos son realizados con anestesia general y representan una pequeña intervención quirúrgica, por lo que debe protocolizarse el uso del consentimiento informado. Muchos de ellos son realizados habitualmente en las unidades de endoscopia pediátrica: extracción de cuerpos extraños, dilatación esofágica, gastrostomía endoscópica percutá- nea, polipectomía; para otras técnicas existen pocas indicaciones: esclerosis de varices esofágicas, hemostasia en hemorragia digestiva, achalasia, y otras, por su excepcionalidad, como la colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada, son realizadas en colaboración con los endoscopistas de adultos que poseen una mayor experiencia en este campo. La endoscopia terapéutica es una técnica segura, efectiva y posible de realizar en la mayoría de las unidades de endoscopia pediá- trica (AU)

With development and improvement of the endoscope equipment, the paediatric endoscopy is developing from the diagnosis endoscopy to the interventional endoscopy. It is realized under general anaesthesia as a minimal invasive surgery and it is necessary to regularize the legal requirements. The main acts are realized in a current way in paediatrics endoscopy units: extraction of foreign body, dilation of oesophageal strictures, gastrostomy, polipectomy. Other indications are less frequent: injection sclerotherapy, haemostasis of upper GI bleeding or endoscopic achalasia treatment. The biliary and/or pancreatic lesions is rare in children, in these cases, interventional endoscopy is usually done with the collaboration of the adult endoscopists, with a far experience. Interventional endoscopy is a safe and effective technique that can be performed in all the pediatrics endoscopy units (AU)

Endobronchial tuberculous granuloma in children.

Endobronchial tuberculosis is rare in children, in whom it is usually a complication of primary tuberculosis. Endobronchial involvement may adopt several forms, with granuloma being infrequent. Here we report on 10 cases of endobronchial tuberculous granuloma diagnosed and treated in our Paediatric Surgery Service between 1991 and 2004. In 2 cases the presentation was acute and constituted the first manifestation of TB; the remaining patients were undergoing treatment or had been treated for primary TB, and presented with clinical symptoms or radiological signs that led us to suspect endobronchial involvement. In all cases the granuloma was removed by bronchoscopy. Patients received conventional medical TB treatment, with corticoids for 4 weeks following granuloma removal. The clinical course was favourable in all cases and on follow-up we saw no complications. Endobronchial tuberculous granuloma should be borne in mind in children with symptoms or signs of airway obstruction and especially during the course of tuberculosis treatment.

[Digestive interventional endoscopy in pediatrics]. / Endoscopia digestiva intervencionista en pediatría.

With development and improvement of the endoscope equipment, the paediatric endoscopy is developing from the diagnosis endoscopy to the interventional endoscopy. It is realized under general anaesthesia as a minimal invasive surgery and it is necessary to regularize the legal requirements. The main acts are realized in a current way in paediatrics endoscopy units: extraction of foreign body, dilation of oesophageal strictures, gastrostomy, polipectomy. Other indications are less frequent: injection sclerotherapy, haemostasis of upper GI bleeding or endoscopic achalasia treatment. The biliary and/or pancreatic lesions is rare in children, in these cases, interventional endoscopy is usually done with the collaboration of the adult endoscopists, with a far experience. Interventional endoscopy is a safe and effective technique that can be performed in all the pediatrics endoscopy units.

Aspectos clínicos de las enfermedades quirúrgicas pediátricas más comunes / Clinical aspects of the most common pediatric surgical diseases

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Formación de fitobezoar en divertículo de Meckel / Formation of phytobezoar within Meckel's diverticulum

El divertículo de Meckel (DM) es la malformación congénita del tracto gastrointestinal más frecuente, presentándose en un 2 por ciento de la población general. Sólo un 4-6 por ciento de las personas con DM desarrollarán síntomas a lo largo de su vida. Las formas clínicas de presentación más comunes son la hemorragia digestiva, la obstrucción intestinal y la diverticulitis. La formación de un fitobezoar en el interior de un DM es excepcional, con muy pocos casos recogidos en la literatura. Presentamos el caso clínico de un niño de 13 años con un cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal y vómitos. Con la sospecha diagnóstica de apendicitis aguda se realizó una laparotomía encontrándose un fitobezoar dentro de un gran DM. Son factores predisponentes para la formación de un fitobezoar la ingestión de grandes cantidades de alimentos ricos en fibra y la existencia de una zona intestinal hipoperistáltica que favorezca la impactación del bolo alimenticio (AU)

Handlebar hernia in children: two cases and review of the literature.

Localised traumatic abdominal hernias are rare. Most such hernias are due to the direct impact of the handlebars of a bicycle or motorcycle, with 20 cases reported to date in the English language literature, 12 in children. We report two new cases of handlebar hernia, in children aged 6 and 10 years. In both cases, physical examination revealed an area of contusion and bruising in the lower abdomen. However, the muscle defect was detected during the first examination in only one of the patients, and not until several days later in the other patient. Abdominal ultrasonography proved useful for diagnosis in both patients. Early surgical correction is necessary to prevent possible complications. This type of hernia should be borne in mind when evaluating children who have suffered abdominal trauma in a bicycle accident.

Dolor abdominal recurrente, el pediatra y el cirujano pediatra / Recurrent abdominal pain, the pediatrican and the pediatric surgeon

El Dolor Abdominal Recurrente (DAR), es un motivo frecuente de consulta pediátrica, que afecta al 34 por ciento de la población infantil. En el DAR puede existir notable incidencia de patología orgánica, hasta del 45 por ciento. Las indicaciones para la práctica de endoscopia digestiva en estos pacientes, debe ser protocolizada, siguiendo la normativa NASPGAN. La laparoscopia diagnóstica se debe usar selectivamente en pacientes con DAR. Si las molestias persisten durante más de 6 meses, y no se puede hacer un diagnóstico firme por otro método no invasivo, se debe realizar una laparoscopia diagnóstica. Al repasar la literatura se concluye que el DAR es solo una descripción, no diagnóstico simple y homogéneo (AU)